1. Amarbayasgalant monastery
Amarbayasgalant Monastery is a Buddhist monastery located in the Selenge Province of northern Mongolia. It was built between 1727 and 1736 in honor of Zanabazar, the first Bogd Gegeen, or spiritual leader of Mongolia.
The monastery complex is one of the most important and well-preserved monastic sites in Mongolia. It is renowned for its beautiful architecture, which reflects a combination of Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese styles. The name “Amarbayasgalant” translates to “Monastery of Tranquil Felicity.”
The main temple of the monastery is dedicated to Zanabazar and houses a large gilded statue of him. The complex also includes several other temples, stupas, and monk quarters. Unfortunately, like many religious sites, Amarbayasgalant Monastery faced destruction during the political turmoil in Mongolia in the 1930s. However, restoration efforts have been made, and the monastery is still an important cultural and religious center in the region.
Visitors to Amarbayasgalant Monastery can appreciate its historical and architectural significance while enjoying the picturesque surroundings in the Mongolian countryside.
2. Uran togoo extinct volcano
Uran Togoo is an extinct volcano located in the Bulgan Province of northern Mongolia. It is part of the eastern Sayan mountain range and is situated within the Uran Togoo – Tulga Uul Natural Monument.
The volcanic formation is notable for its unique and picturesque landscape, characterized by a crater with a lake at its center, known as Uran Togoo Uul Lake. The volcano itself has an elevation of about 1,684 meters (5,522 feet) above sea level.
Uran Togoo is considered to be one of the relatively young volcanoes in Mongolia, with an estimated age of around 20,000 to 25,000 years. Despite being classified as an extinct volcano, the site is geologically interesting and is surrounded by a variety of flora and fauna.
The area around Uran Togoo is protected as a natural monument, and it attracts visitors who are interested in hiking, bird watching, and exploring unique geological features. The volcano and its surroundings provide a glimpse into Mongolia’s diverse natural landscapes and geological history.
3. Murun city
Murun is the capital city of the Khövsgöl Province in northern Mongolia. It is situated near the southern tip of Lake Khövsgöl, which is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Mongolia and a significant natural landmark. Murun serves as the administrative and economic center of the province.
As a regional hub, Murun offers essential services, including government offices, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and various businesses. The city’s population may vary, but it is relatively small compared to larger urban centers in Mongolia.
The surrounding region is known for its stunning natural beauty, including Lake Khövsgöl, which is often referred to as the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia.” The lake is renowned for its clear waters and picturesque surroundings, attracting tourists and providing opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing, and horseback riding.
Murun itself may not be as well-known as some of the larger cities in Mongolia, but its proximity to Lake Khövsgöl and the surrounding natural attractions makes it an important gateway for those exploring the northern part of the country.
4. Erdenet city
Erdenet is the second-largest city in Mongolia and serves as the capital of the Orkhon Province. It is a major industrial center and one of the youngest cities in the country, having been officially established in 1975. The city was planned and built to support the nearby Erdenet Mining Corporation, one of the largest copper and molybdenum mining operations in Asia.
Erdenet is strategically located in the northern part of Mongolia and is a significant center for mining and metallurgical industries. The city has experienced significant growth and development due to the mining activities in the region. The Erdenet Mining Corporation, a joint venture between Mongolia and the Soviet Union, was established to exploit the rich mineral resources in the area.
In addition to its industrial significance, Erdenet has various amenities and services, including educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and cultural centers. The city’s population is diverse, with a mix of Mongolian and Russian inhabitants, reflecting its historical ties with the Soviet Union.
While Erdenet may not be as well-known internationally as some other Mongolian cities, it plays a crucial role in the country’s economy due to its association with mining and resource extraction.
5. Darkhan city
Darkhan is the third-largest city in Mongolia and serves as the capital of Darkhan-Uul Province. It is an industrial center and an important transportation hub located in the northern part of the country. The city was officially established in 1961.
Darkhan is known for its industrial activities, including manufacturing, construction, and food processing. It was initially developed as an industrial city during the Soviet era, and it continues to play a crucial role in Mongolia’s economy.
The city has various amenities and services, including educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and cultural centers. Darkhan has a diverse population, and it serves as an important center for trade and commerce in the region.
Darkhan’s strategic location, well-developed infrastructure, and industrial activities make it a significant urban center in Mongolia, contributing to the economic development of the country.
6. Khuvsgul lake National Park
Khuvsgul Lake is located in the northern part of Mongolia, and it is one of the largest and deepest freshwater lakes in Central Asia. The lake is known for its stunning beauty, crystal-clear waters, and the surrounding pristine landscapes. Khuvsgul Lake National Park was established to protect the unique natural environment around the lake.
Key features and information about Khuvsgul Lake National Park include:
- Khuvsgul Lake: The lake is often referred to as the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia.” It is situated near the border with Russia and is surrounded by mountainous terrain. The lake is fed by numerous rivers and streams but has only one outlet, the Eg River.
- Biodiversity: The national park is home to diverse flora and fauna. The surrounding forests consist of Siberian larch, Siberian cedar, and other coniferous trees. Wildlife in the area includes species like reindeer, moose, brown bears, and various bird species.
- Tsaatan Nomads: The Tsaatan, or Dukha, are a nomadic ethnic group residing in the region. They are known for their traditional way of life, including reindeer herding. Visitors to the national park may have the opportunity to experience the Tsaatan culture.
- Recreational Activities: Khuvsgul Lake National Park attracts tourists interested in outdoor activities such as trekking, horseback riding, fishing, and boating. The pristine environment and breathtaking scenery make it a popular destination for nature lovers.
- Conservation: The national park is crucial for the conservation of the unique ecosystems around Khuvsgul Lake. Efforts are made to preserve the natural beauty, biodiversity, and cultural heritage of the region.
7. Darkhad Valley
Darkhad Valley is situated in the northern part of Mongolia, near the border with Russia. It is known for its picturesque landscapes, nomadic communities, and traditional ways of life.
Key features and information about Darkhad Valley include:
- Geography: Darkhad Valley is part of the Khuvsgul Province and is characterized by mountainous terrain, rivers, and lush meadows. The valley is situated in close proximity to Khuvsgul Lake, one of the largest freshwater lakes in Mongolia.
- Nomadic Culture: The area is home to traditional nomadic communities, including the Darkhad people. These nomads are engaged in traditional herding practices, raising livestock such as yaks, sheep, and horses. The nomadic lifestyle is an integral part of the cultural identity of the region.
- Biodiversity: The region is rich in biodiversity, with diverse flora and fauna. The area’s ecosystems support a variety of wildlife, including species like reindeer, moose, and various bird species.
- Tsaatan Nomads: Similar to the Khuvsgul Lake area, Darkhad Valley is inhabited by the Tsaatan or Dukha people. These nomadic herders are known for their unique way of life, which revolves around reindeer herding. The Tsaatan maintain a close connection with nature and have a distinct cultural identity.
- Tourism: Darkhad Valley has started to attract tourists interested in experiencing Mongolia’s pristine natural beauty, exploring nomadic culture, and engaging in outdoor activities such as trekking and horseback riding.
8. Taiga - Tsaatan people
The Tsaatan, also known as the Dukha, are a nomadic ethnic group that inhabits the northern part of Mongolia, particularly in the areas around Khuvsgul Lake and the Darkhad Valley. They are known for their unique way of life, which revolves around reindeer herding.
Key characteristics of the Tsaatan people include:
- Reindeer Herding: The Tsaatan are one of the very few remaining communities in the world that practice reindeer herding as a primary livelihood. Reindeer are not only a source of transportation for the Tsaatan but also provide them with milk, cheese, fur, and antlers.
- Nomadic Lifestyle: The Tsaatan are nomadic and move with their reindeer herds to find suitable grazing grounds throughout the year. This lifestyle is deeply ingrained in their culture and has been passed down through generations.
- Traditional Dwellings: The Tsaatan live in traditional conical-shaped tents called “urts.” These tents are easily transportable and are well-suited to their nomadic lifestyle. They are constructed from wooden frames covered with felt or other materials.
- Clothing and Adornments: The Tsaatan people wear traditional clothing made from materials like reindeer hide and fabric. They are known for their distinctive and ornate headgear, which often includes antlers and other decorative elements.
- Cultural Practices: The Tsaatan have a rich cultural heritage, including traditional music, dance, and shamanistic beliefs. Shamanism plays a significant role in their spiritual practices, and they believe in the interconnectedness of humans, nature, and spirits.
- Challenges: The Tsaatan face various challenges, including the impact of modernization, climate change affecting the traditional grazing areas for their reindeer, and issues related to maintaining their nomadic lifestyle in a changing world.
The Tsaatan people and their unique way of life have attracted attention from researchers and tourists interested in experiencing and preserving indigenous cultures. However, it’s important to approach interactions with respect for their customs and traditions, as well as a recognition of the challenges they face in a rapidly changing world.
